PCB Fabrication vs Assembly: Understanding the Difference
Key Takeaways PCB fabrication produces bare boards without components; PCB assembly solders components to create functional assemblies Fabrication-only orders suit companies with in-house assembly capabilities or consigned component arrangements Turnkey assembly is ideal when you need component sourcing support and simplified procurement Combining both services from a single supplier streamlines communication and enables integrated quality […]
Controlled Impedance PCB Stackup: A Practical Guide to Signal Integrity Design
Key Takeaways Controlled impedance ensures signal traces maintain consistent 50Ω (single-ended) or 90-100Ω (differential) impedance for high-speed interfaces Microstrip routes signals on outer layers with ground below; stripline routes between two ground planes for better shielding Tolerance of ±10% is standard; ±5% is required for DDR4/5 and PCIe Gen 4/5 Stack-up parameters—trace width, substrate height, […]